Globalisation Assignment - Malaysian Small Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1410 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Introduction Globalization is the integration of economics, such as exchange information, products and money throughout the world. Globalization and socio-economic development would contribute to increase in economic growth and wealth. From a business perspective, globalization opens many markets to the businesses. However, globalization, similitude culture, governance system and gap of economy that became the challenges to small businesses. In Malaysia, small businesses hardly get attention on economic development, although they act as a significant role in Malaysia’s economy, which provide new job opportunities and increase the gross domestic product. This was because small businesses face many obstacles such as bureaucratic procedures, legal constraints, scare resources and lack of experience and skill, which tend to affect their performance. The case study provided many ways to assist the Malaysian small businesses which include the construction a co rporate and persistent small businesses society, enhance domestic governance systems, awake public attention and enhance innovation and ability in small businesses. The food court which is a type of small business in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was discussed in this case study. Summary Around the world, small business has bring a contribution to the countrys economy Small businesses provide employment opportunities and developing entrepreneurial skills for ordinary to increase their experience in business. Small business able to fulfill specific customer demands faster due to their flexibility and agility. When economic downturn many self-employed turned to run small business and these operation can encourage the country’s economic growth. Therefore small business operators should be supported by public institutions and large corporations to continue develop. Globalization effect the social relationships between the corporate manages and their small businesses tenantsâ₠¬â„¢ especially western education and training. Globalization in terms of open competition have given a direct challenge to traditional work values and systems to small business which are still unprepared. Cultural homogeneity influence market behavior such as increasing prices of goods and services. The growing of economic gaps and income gaps are usually to the direct effects of open competition on weaker players in the business who lack the ability to fight back. Besides that, lack of legal protection and disunity constitute a major threat to the operators. In contrast, to protect the interests of the small player Malaysia needs more effective law. Bar council can protect the legal position of small businesses through providing legal advice at lowest cost. Small and Medium Enterprise Development Corporation can help businesses to find alternative business opportunities and relocate their premises has a similar strategic spot. Major reforms are business ethics and corporate soc ial responsibility is required. Small business also need to raise public awareness on the importance of corporate social responsibility and good governance in preserving the welfare of society. A small business community leads the mission through use of information technology, social networks and systematic public campaigning. Organization that have ability to maximize performance at minimize cost is an efficient and effective organization. Information technology should be used to help small company in research and marketing. Information technology providing online access to new product knowledge, promote the business through websites and social media that can help to expand small business. Critique In the article, the case study is focuses on food court in Malaysia as one of the small business in the market. However, the focus on only one sector as the example to explain the effect of globalization towards small business is insufficient. It is difficult for readers to see the whole picture of the effects globalization. Few more studies should be done in other sectors in other states and included in the article, so that it will become a more detail and a knowledgeable journal to readers. Besides that, economic disparity is just mentioned briefly in the journal. Although the main title is not too focus to the economic disparity but at least elaborate more about its effects towards the Malaysia market and towards small and medium enterprises. This can let the readers know more about the effects of economic disparity on Malaysia market and about readers themselves. The information gathered in the journal about the case study is adequate and were elaborated in details, like the dates, the situation, change of management and etc. Readers have the whole picture of what had happened before and after which lead to the evacuation of food stall operators and the failure of the operators to fight back for what they deserve. For example, initially the feminini ty and collectivism corporate values used by the first batch of Pro Clean managers to deal with operators had changed to masculinity and individualism which practiced by those young batch of executives. The introduction is so informative which have explained the role play by small business in Malaysia’s economy when the Asian financial crisis in 1997. It has explained the situation where large firms were downsizing and many have turned to the small business sector. However, small business still hasn’t gotten the attention and supported by public institutions, society and other larger corporation. The diversified recommendations provided in the journal are useful and informative. It provides significant action or steps and agencies to all readers which will come in handy when something similar is happening to anyone. For example, it suggested the operator of The Kitchen should unite in order to catch the attention of local leaders and could resorted to collective bargaining through relevant non-government organization and trade association. Conclusion After I finished reviewing the article, I think this research was quick nice but still need to give the suggestion for a few things. In my suggestion, I think the writer needs to do more research from other sectors such as manufacturing and services sector. Different sectors have their own positive or negative view regarding the effect of globalization. This is because, every different sectors have their own potential level, some of the small business thinks that globalization provided good opportunities that can increase the profit but some of small firm think that as a challenge of competition. Therefore, information from different sectors should be collected for analysis then the resulting will more accurate and detailed. This is because, research from one sector may be unpersuasive to explain the whole impact of globalization of small business. Economic disparity exists between small firm and larger firms because the impact of globalization. This is because, global market provides benefits and opportunity to increased competitive pressures on firms. Therefore, larger firm will earn more profit and small firms will face challenges of competition. However, most of the small firms are difficult to entry the global market because less of competitiveness, and lack of experience to challenge with the larger firm. Small firms are generally less well-equipped to face rise in international trade, lower productivity will difficult to compete and hard to removal of tariff barriers with limited resources when compared to larger firms. For example, smaller firms lack the economics of scale cause less costly per unit for the international corporation. In reality, the Small business is a pillar of Malaysia’s economy. Since 1997, large firm has relocated laid-off workers and turned to small business due to occur Asia Financial Crisis. At this time period, small business provides the job opportunities for those employees who have been laid off from larger corporations. Besides that, income earned from small business also as a part to encouraging the country’s economic growth. However, Small business hasn’t gotten the supported by larger corporations, society and public institution and hamper their flourish though bureaucratic procedures, legal constraints and other. In my suggestion, I think that every department especially the government should pay attention to concern the development of small business. For example, the government should provide alternative opportunities, incentive and subsidies allow the smaller firms compete in the global markets. The final part of the 4 recommend measure were presented in the journal have efficient and effective functioned to improve survival rates for small business in the global market. However, I think the supply chain also as a measure that can be improve small business ability a nd productivity. This is because the purpose of supply chain management (SCM) is to maintain mutual trust and cooperation between partners in Supply Chain to enhancing the inventory Visibility and the Speed of stock movement. Therefore, SCM can help small business reduce cost, Increased Output and increase profit though design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities. For example, cost reductions from elimination of wasteful processes that can be increased company profit. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Globalisation Assignment Malaysian Small Business" essay for you Create order

The Biggest Environmental Issues Will Be Discussed

In the following paper many of the biggest environmental issues will be discussed. Complications that derived from human’s ill-treatment to the planet. Take, water for example, our basic necessity of life, yet millions of people do not have access to clean and sanitary water due to pollution; resulting in millions of people worldwide dying from drinking unsanitary water. Global warming itself due to the illnesses and the accommodations that it would demand will eventually cause the lives of all living creatures on earth. Genetic engineering may seem like a good idea on the surface conversely, its disadvantages are more than the advantages. In the end, if humans do not take action in order to change all the previously mentioned issues the inevitable outcome will be death for all living creatures on earth. Earth has been in existence for an approximation of about 4.5 billion years. Overtime it has evolved to become the home of 7 billion people, 20 to 50 million different species of animals and roughly 3 trillion trees. As far as we are concerned, it is the only planet in which the conditions are suitable for life to exist. However, humans have not treated mother earth with kind respect. Instead their selfish ways have been gradually changing the planet we call our home. The waters are polluted, and due to numerous burning of fossil fuels releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, it is causing the layer of the green gas to get thicker resulting in theShow MoreRelatedThe Biggest Environmental Issues Will Be Discussed1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn the following paper many of the biggest environmental issues will be discussed. Complications that derived from human’s ill-treatment to the planet. Take, water for example, our basic necessity of life, yet millions of people do not have access to clean and sanitary water due to pollution; resulting in millions of people worldwide dying from drinking unsanitary water. Global warming itself due to the illnesses and the accommodations that it would demand will eventually cause the lives of all livingRead MoreCoca Cola And Ethical Crises1214 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Crises examines Coca-Cola and those troubles it has experienced in recent years. The Role of Corporate Reputation As it pertains to organizational performance and social responsibility, a company’s corporate reputation plays a large role. The biggest example is that of a company’s reputation amongst its potential customers. A company’s main performance goal is to earn a high level of profit, typically through a high level of revenue. However, if that company has a poor reputation amongst thoseRead MoreCreating A Coalition : Senator Smith901 Words   |  4 Pagesa Coalition Senator Smith should create an extensive network among interest groups in favor of changing the status quo to bring different sides into an agreement and to create a stronger communication. The biggest allies to the climate change are political appointees, such as Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and interest group, such as environmentalists, academic professionals, and clean energy industires. While EPA has influence over the decision from the executive branch, most of the alliesRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Ocean Pollution1105 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental issues such as ocean pollution is caused by the careless acts of humans. Ocean Pollution is a serious environmental issue that is slowly killing our largest water source and many innocent sea creatures. Some things we will be looking over is the causes and effects as well as the way it is severely killing and destroying not only marine life, but their homes. One of the biggest sources of pollution is called nonpoint source pollution, which occurs as a result of runoff. (What Is theRead MoreThe Impact of International Tourism on Global Environmental Change1429 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction International tourism can now be recognised as one of the biggest contributing sectors for many countries’ GDP. Moreover, it has transformed them in many aspects such as economic, socio-culture, and environment. International tourism involves activity of inbound and outbound tourist of a country and resident or non-resident visitors within the country (World Tourism Organisation 2014). The World Tourism Organisation has predicted the growth of tourism activities to increase by an averageRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impacts On Earth1224 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is phenomena linked to temperature rising because of emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. It is one of the most important debates of today because of the seriousness of its impact on life on earth. The issue though is debated for its being just a reality or as a theory. Scientists are of the view and they provide evidence as well to support their argument that industrialization and energy utilizati on has the caused emissions of certain gases in our atmosphere. Those emissionsRead MoreThe Warming Of The Arctic Antarctic And Greenland Ice Sheets Have Lost 5.5 Trillion Tons Of Ice1262 Words   |  6 Pages(Gillis) Overall in this essay, I will be examining global warming, the effects from earth’s climate changing, and how the United States is implementing policies to counteract the dangers of what may happen in the future. Before stating the important issues and effects, there’s some background information that will be helpful to keep in mind. First of all is the greenhouse effect, which is defined as â€Å"The phenomenon whereby the earth’s atmosphere traps solar radiation, caused by the presence in the atmosphereRead MoreThe And The Corporate Sector1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the public and the private sectors are always bashing each other. Blaming one another for these issues will not solve the problem. What will solve the problem is we collectively come together to change our world. One of the biggest issues that we are facing in our current century is climate change. There are certain things that the government and the corporate sector must do to tackle this issue. Although capitalism has its own benefits, the public sector must do something in order to regulateRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Of The American Automobile Industry979 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges in the American Automobile Industry The American Auto Industry has grown ever since it s upgraded in the early 1900s. â€Å"Although the design for the modern car was produced in Germany and France in the late 1800s, Americans controlled the industry in the first half of the twentieth century. Henry Ford innovated mass production systems that enhanced model, with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler beginning as the Big Three auto firms by the 1920s ,(Foner - Garrity 1991) ButRead MoreIs Modern Human Civilization?1473 Words   |  6 PagesUnfortunately, the quick advancement of our technology over the past 250 years has resulted in unforeseen consequences that prove to be one of the biggest threats facing the world today. The mistreatment of the diverse environments on our planet and the reckless exploitation of resources such as fossil fuels have resulted in the rapid degradation of our environmental health that is endangering life all over the globe. In response to these unprecedented circumstances, Engineers who help to create these technological

Gas Agency Managment Free Essays

Software Requirements Specification for Version 1. 0 approved Prepared by Table of Contents Table of Contentsii Revision Historyii 1. Introduction1 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Gas Agency Managment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1Purpose1 1. 2Document Conventions1 1. 3Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions1 1. 4Product Scope1 1. 5References1 2. Overall Description2 2. 1Product Perspective2 2. 2Product Functions2 2. 3User Classes and Characteristics2 2. 4Operating Environment2 2. 5Design and Implementation Constraints2 2. 6User Documentation2 2. 7Assumptions and Dependencies3 3. External Interface Requirements3 3. User Interfaces3 3. 2Hardware Interfaces3 3. 3Software Interfaces3 3. 4Communications Interfaces3 4. System Features4 4. 1System Feature 14 4. 2System Feature 2 (and so on)4 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements4 5. 1Performance Requirements4 5. 2Safety Requirements5 5. 3Security Requirements5 5. 4Software Quality Attributes5 6. Other Requirements5 Appendix A: Glossary5 Introduction 1 Purpose 2 Document Conventions 3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions 4 Product Scope 5 References Overall Description 1 Product Perspective 2 Product Functions User Classes and Characteristics 4 Operating Envir onment 5 Design and Implementation Constraints 6 User Documentation 7 Assumptions and Dependencies External Interface Requirements 1 User Interfaces 2 Hardware Interfaces 3 Software Interfaces 4 Communications Interfaces System Features 1 System Feature 1 4. 1. 1Functional Requirements REQ-1: REQ-2: 2 System Feature 2 (and so on) Other Nonfunctional Requirements 1 Performance Requirements 2 Safety Requirements 3 Security Requirements 4 Software Quality Attributes Other Requirements Appendix A: Glossary How to cite Gas Agency Managment, Papers

Bilingual Education Essay Research Paper What is free essay sample

Bilingual Education Essay, Research Paper What is Best For the Children? The controversial argument over English submergence and bilingual instruction plans has effects in about every school system. Advocates of bilingual instruction believe that it is necessary for kids to be instructed in their native lingua and bit by bit be introduced to English or else they may fall buttocks in school. Supporters of English submergence say that bilingual instruction plans hinder the acquisition procedure of the English linguistic communication, therefore retarding the larning potency of a kid. English submergence supports the? sink or swim? thought of plunging a limited English proficiency ( LEP ) kid in an about wholly English-speaking environment. English submergence protagonists so rely on the thought that LEP kids will? swim? after being thrown into such a state of affairs, and finally catch up to the remainder of their schoolmates. Are bilingual instruction plans a hinderance to larning English? If they are, should plans where kids are forced to larn English thr ough about complete submergence be used in topographic point of bilingual instruction plans? To reply these inquiries right, a full apprehension of the advantages and disadvantages of both plans is required. It is of import to first understand the techniques and ends of the bilingual instruction plan before make up ones minding if the plan is harmful to a pupil? s potency to larn English. The Godheads of bilingual instruction strongly believe in the thought that learning proficient topics, such as math and scientific discipline, in English can be harmful to a kid? s development in that topic. The end of bilingual instruction is to learn kids mathematical and scientific constructs in a kid? s native linguistic communication while learning him or her colloquial English on the side. Several noted bookmans back up this technique and experience that pupils larning the English linguistic communication should be taught all academic topics in their native linguistic communication for no fewer than five, and sooner seven, old ages ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . The cognition and accomplishments that are acquired after five to seven old ages of direction in a pupil # 8217 ; s prim ary linguistic communication will reassign to the his or her English speech production ability ( Research Agenda for Adult ESL ) . The same bookmans besides believe that such academic direction in the pupil? s native linguistic communication is necessary for pupils to profit from typical schoolrooms ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . Like most modern-day theoretical accounts of bilingual instruction, kids will derive competence needed to last in a normal schoolroom. Supporters of English submergence plans feel that an attack where kids spent a great trade of their academic clip utilizing English would convey a kid closer to proficiency at a more rapid gait than a bilingual instruction plan. English submergence protagonists think that the best manner to go comfy with a linguistic communication is to utilize it every bit much as possible. Supporters say that the lone times that a kid non adept in English should be spoken to in his or her native linguistic communication would be to clear up a point, to assist a kid to finish a undertaking, or to reply a inquiry ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . After about a twelvemonth in English submergence plans kids should be fluid plenty to come in into regular schoolrooms ( Put a Stop to Bilingual Education? Manana ) . Unlike bilingual instruction, the Godheads of English submergence believe that English direction in an academic category, even a proficient one, will profit a kid that is in the pr ocedure of larning English, because the footings used in proficient categories will about ever be new to both proficient and non proficient kids. While measuring both plans it is of import to retrieve that some jobs that can non be solved by submergence or bilingual instruction. One such job is happening the perfect age to get down learning the English linguistic communication to a individual. Some bookmans have argued that at an early age it is easier for a kid to larn a new linguistic communication through submergence because the kid has non to the full developed his or her native linguistic communication. These same bookmans have agreed that for older people who have well developed their native linguistic communication, a bilingual instruction plan would be more good. Both submergence and bilingual instruction plans argue that their plan is the best manner to learn any kid at any age. In actuallity, both groups are right and both are incorrect. There has neer truly been an age set in rock as the best age to get down learning a individual English. Most immersion plans stand by the doctrine that? You have to jam all the English you can into immigrant childs while they are immature and it is still easy for them to larn a linguistic communication? ( Bilingual Education Goes Beyond Teaching a Language ) . It is true, to some extent, that kids have an advantage over grownups to larn a new linguistic communication. However, kids besides have some important disadvantages. Children # 8217 ; s disadvantages compared to grownups hold to make with their life experiences. The younger the kid, the fewer the experiences ( Bilingual Education Goes Beyond Teaching a Language ) . And experiences mean lingual experiences in at least one linguistic communication, which makes it easier to larn another ( Bilingual Education Goes Beyond Teaching a Language ) . The more instruction a individual has, in general, the easier it will be for him or her to larn a new linguistic communication. To truly understand this state of affairs, see these conjectural inquiries. Assuming the same exposure to the linguistic communication, who will cognize more English at the terminal of the twelvemonth, the male parent or one of his childs? The male parent may talk with an speech pattern and his spelling may non be perfect, but his ability to state what he wants to state will be far greater because of his higher degree of instruction. Who will cognize more English six old ages subsequently? In some ways, the male parent, in so far as linguistic communication reflects a edification of constructs and life experiences. However, in the terminal, the kids will quite likely surpass their male parent, presuming they stay in school and go at least as educated than their male parent. From these illustrations, it should be clear to see that there are excessively many factors that vary from individual to individual to acquire an accurate estimation for the ideal age to get down English direction . Not merely is at that place no specific age to get down learning English to LEP pupils, but there is no cogent evidence that native linguistic communication direction benefits a pupils? cognitive and academic growing. The basis of most modern-day theoretical accounts of bilingual instruction is that content cognition and accomplishments lea rned in a student’s primary linguistic communication will reassign to English one time the pupil has experienced between five and seven old ages of native linguistic communication direction ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . Research performed by the National Academy of Sciences gives perfectly no concrete, empirical research that would back up this proposition. The National Academy of Sciences, nevertheless, supports the usage of native linguistic communication direction. The National Academy of Sciences is cognizant of the contradictory nature of their support and acknowledges: ? It is clear that many kids foremost learn to read in a 2nd linguistic communication without any serious negative effects? ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . The National Academy of Sciences? support is mostly due to political force per unit area and should non over shadow the fact that there is no direct cogent evidence that links native linguistic communication direction to academic success. Bilingual instruction plans use native linguistic communication direction to do an LEP pupil proficient in English while keeping the pupil? s assurance and emotional stableness ( Bilingual Education ) . Senator Tom Johnson, from South Dakota, agrees that? Developing bilingual accomplishments will let pupils and households to beef up cultural apprehensions and better professional plans for pedagogues at Batesland School. Besides, bilingual plan [ s ] will supply pupils with a greater apprehension of their civilization and will heighten their sense of individuality and ego regard? ( Johnson, Daschle Announce Grant for Batesland School? s Bilingual Education Program ) . Self-esteem that is gained from bilingual instruction plans leads to assurance. The assurance is a consequence of the LEP pupil being able to pass on better in his or her native linguistic communication. The pupil will hence be more receptive to learning because of good communicating between the instructor and the pupil. See the following scenario to understand the positive effects of bilingual instruction: School is at first bewildering, but Senora Roman and Ms. Miller and all your Spanish-speaking schoolmates make you feel OK. Books in Spanish and English and your schoolmates? narratives about life in your Mexican hometown are all over the school. Social surveies and linguistic communication humanistic disciplines incorporate rich bicultural cognition assemblage and job work outing into the standard grade-level course of study. Your category writes e-mail messages and portions undertakings with a category in Mexico through the web Orillas. You can see that cognizing how to read and compose good in both English and Spanish is an advantage for acquiring a good occupation, and the school unit on callings gives you many new involvements to research ( Accelerated Schooling for English Language Learners ) . The described scenario is an illustration of a common state of affairs in which an LEP pupil would profit from bilingual instruction. English submergence plans place their accent on larning the English linguistic communication, by giving about all academic direction in English. Goals for English submergence are geared more toward the kid larning English every bit shortly as possible, instead than sing the pupils emotional state of affairs. The advantage of submergence is that a pupil will larn English good plenty in about a twelvemonth to be moved into a regular schoolroom. Most parents believe that a schools? first precedence with immigrant pupils should be to learn English. Two in three parents overall say it is more of import for the public schools to learn English every bit rapidly as possible to new immigrants, even if those pupils fall behind in other topics ( Bing An American Is a Privilege ) . In a bilingual instruction plan the same LEP pupil could take every bit many as seven old ages get to the same degree of speech production and understanding English. Several instructors agree that pupils in submergenc e categories are picking up spoken English faster than pupils in bilingual instruction plans. Ron Unz, a politician who fierily supports submergence, ? . . . [ I ] s convinced that when statewide trial tonss are released on July 1 they will demo that pupils who spent the twelvemonth in English submergence categories fared dramatically better than those who stayed in traditional bilingual plans? ( Put a Stop to Bilingual Education? Manana ) . Students in submergence plans may go defeated but the consequence will be a higher familiarisation with the English linguistic communication and a higher degree of communicating and competence. Bilingual instruction and English submergence plans both have strengths over the other. Bilingual instruction uses native linguistic communication insruction to do a familiar and comfy acquisition environment for an LEP pupil. The pupil is besides able to confidently communicate in his or her native linguistic communication alternatively of holding to fight with words he or she has most likely neer used earlier. communicating in a native linguistic communication increases the pupil? s ego regard and assurance. English submergence helps a pupil to larn the English linguistic communication at a faster gait than bilingual instruction. The pupil will so hold a higher familiarisation with the English linguistic communication that will take to a higher degree of communicating and competence. It is normally rather simple to find which plan will accommodate the demands of an single pupil. The challenge is to find which plan will profit the bulk of LEP pupils. Even after 1000000s of dollars i n research, the inquiry of which plan is best for the kids is still unreciprocated. Burt, Mariam. ? Research Agenda For Adult ESL. ? Center For Applied Linguisticss 14 Sept. 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cal.org/ncle/agenda/index.htm. 5 Sept. 1999. Chavez, Linda. ? Bing an American is a Privilege. ? USA Today Magazine April 1999: 1. Daschle, Thomas. ? Johnson, Daschle Announce Grant For Batesland School? s Bilingual Education Program. ? FDCH Press Release 17 May 1999. Gersten, Russell. ? The Changing Face of Bilingual Education. ? Educational Leadership April 1999: 41. Maceri, Domenico. ? Bilingual Education Goes Beyond Teaching Language. ? The Houston Chronicle 20 May 1998: A29. McCann, Jeanne. ? Bilingual Education. ? Education Week On The Web 16 Aug. 1999. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.edweek.org/context/topics/biling.htm. 5 Sept. 1999. Thomas, Wayne. ? Accelerated Schooling for English Language Learners. ? Educational Leadership April 1999: 46. Wildavsky, Ben. ? Put a Stop to Bilingual Education? Manana. ? U.S. News and Report 5 Apr. 1999: 41.

Of Mice And Men Lennies Worst Enemy Is His Own Strength Essays

Of Mice And Men: Lenni'es Worst Enemy Is His Own Strength Lennie Small is a gentle giant who possesses and almost superhuman strength that ultimately leads to tragedy. We first read about Lennie's great strength in the opening scene when he has killed, probably by accident, the pet mouse he has in his pocket. We learn that it is not the first time Lennie has killed pets. During the same scene, Steinbeck compares him to a bear and a horse, both strong animals. This imagery of Lennie as an animal continues. He is also compared to a terrier, indicating that he is a faithful and loyal companion to George. Steinbeck makes his characters pick up the animal references too. When George tells the boss that Lennie is: Strong as a ball, Lennie repeats the statement. The repetition has the effect of again giving the reader clues that Lennie's strength ill be significant to the development of the story. Steinbeck fully develops the animal comparison at the end by drawing a parallel between candy and his no longer useful old dog, and George as the master of the dog-like Lennie, who can no longer be useful after he has accidentally killed Curley's wife. All the other characters witness Lennie's strength sooner or later. George mentions it frequently, and Slim says: ? I never seen such a worker. He damn near killed his partner bukin' barley. There ain't nobody can keep up with him. God almighty, I never seen such a strong guy. Demonstrations of Lennie's strength continue with details of the incident in Weed when Lennie is accused of assaulting a girl, which we do not witness, the mangling of Curley's first, and the accidental killing of both the puppy and Curley's wife. There are times with Lennie's strength is a positive advantage, however, and, if harnessed appropriately, which George attempts to do as much as he can, it is a virtue. As long as Lennie keeps quiet at interviews and lets George do the talking, he makes and excellent impression as a worker and probably contributes greatly to ensuring that the pair continue to find work during a period of very high unemployment during the Great Depressions. He is also able to defend himself, which George calls upon him to do when Curley attacks him for no real reason. Sadly, this could be a useful attribute to have in places where many unhappy men are cooped up together with few opportunities to take a break from each other. The problem of Lennie's strength, therefore, is his lack of ability to control it, and it is important not to overlook that Lennie's brutal actions are never intentional. As Slim notices: He ain't mean. I can see Lennie ain't a bit mean. And as Lennie says to George: I don't want no trouble? Don't let him sock me, George. Lennie's endearing qualities and lack of aggression are never better demonstrated than when George tells Lennie that should Curley try to fight him, he should let 'im have it, and Lennie replies: 'Let 'im have what, George?' If Lennie had Curley's mean temperament, he really would be dangerous. Only when the dream of living off the fat of the land seems realizable does Lennie show and signs of aggression. Even then, the objects of his anger are imaginary cats that could threaten imaginary rabbits. Lennie's lack of control over his own strength would probably be limited to the harm he innocently inflicts on his pets if he lived and worked in more sympathetic surroundings but the ranch is a hostile place, full of desperate characters where inequalities of power and property are very apparent and exploited. If Curley and his father, the boss, were kinder and if Curley treated his wife with the respect he should have shown toward her, the tragic conclusion would not have occurred. English Essays

Colonialism Again essays

Colonialism Again essays Imperialism during this era was performed by the Great European Powers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who sought to extend and maintain control or influence over the weaker nations of the world, particularly in Asia and Africa. The practice of imperialism, by July 1914 had managed to encompass more than half the land surface of the earth and a third of the global population. (Anzsprenger 13). . The motivation for such undertakings lay in their desire to obtain both living space and the extraction of riches from colonized territories. With the advent of WWI, however, colonial expansionism was brought to an abrupt halt as fighting erupted in Europe between the Great Powers. This battle, which would later be referred to as The Great War, saw Empires call upon their colonized subjects for the purpose of fighting on their behalf. The result was that millions of foreign troops came forth from the Empires and converged upon European battlefields; in addition, although the colonies were more than compliant to aid their masters, the war would eventually turn out to have dire consequences for imperialism as empires began to break apart in the decades following the conflict. How had WWI aided in the dissolution of the colonial empires? Was it simply the weakened state of the Great Powers following the war? Or was the disintegration more complex, connected in some way with the changing relationship between colonizer and colonized? I believe that it was this factor that led to colonial dissolution; therefore, this paper seeks to explore how WWI shifted the attitudes of colonized peoples towards their masters from earnest compliance to increasing disdain and animosity. Prior to World War I, Europeans had managed to build colonial empires that roughly covered all land on earth. It was a time of enormous undertaking and occurred within a relatively short period of time when compared to its grand scale. This colon...

Cottage Cheese Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cottage Cheese Experiment - Essay Example In the experiment, plate counts were used instead of direct microscopic counts or turbidity measurements because of the obvious advantages of the first method. Although plate counts can be tedious and time-consuming, this method is â€Å"relatively easy to perform† and it is â€Å"much more sensitive than turbidimetric measurement† (Brodhagen, 2007). This means that with plate counts, a relatively more accurate bacterial count can be obtained compared to obtaining turbidity measurements. The only disadvantages with plate counts, however, include the lengthy incubation period required for the colonies to grow and become visible, and the possibility of crowding of colonies which will most likely require serial dilution (Abedon, 2003). Nevertheless, these disadvantages do not compare to those of direct microscopic counts and turbidity measurements. In direct microscopic counts, the number of living cells cannot be distinguished from the dead cells, which may be included in the count (Brodhagen, 2007). In the same way, turbidity measurements may not fare well in the bacterial count as clumps of cottage cheese may not be distinguishable from the mass of cells that is expected to block of intercept light (Brodhagen, 2007). These two methods – direct microscopic count and turbidity measurement – are actually less time-consuming than plate counts, but the disadvantages simply outweigh this advantage. The goal of the cottage cheese experiment after all is accuracy and not speed. When it comes to the difference between the control cottage cheese and the experiment cottage cheese, the difference cannot be exactly determined due to insufficiency of data. Basically we need more information on the consistency or lumpiness of the cheeses, their gross appearance after the experiment and perhaps differences in texture, temperature and other aspects. The most obvious difference is that control cheese has no preservative added but experimental cheese has. It then follows that if this is the only difference between the two, then this is a fair test.   Besides, both cheeses have been subjected to the same variables – the same temperature and incubation period lengths, and assuming the same mode of preparation.

Toxicant Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toxicant - Research Paper Example With such a profile, one would expect that there would be no intake of the metal in humans. However, the metal that is a common pollutant in soil, water and air is exposed to humans through these agents as well as food and consumer products (Kacew & Lee, 2013). The greatest exposure occurs through breathing it in or swallowing. Exposure through the air is mainly as a result of motor vehicle exhaust resulting from the use of leaded gasoline (Who. int, 2014). The exhaust avails the lead in air, which is then taken into the body through breathing. Then there are the industrial sources such as lead manufacturing and recycling industries as well as smelters that result in the release of the metal into the air in the process of workings (National Research Council (U.S.), 2013). At home lead paints act as the main source of exposure through the air. The paint chips from the walls or movable objects, creating lead dust. Naturally, lead occurs in small amounts in source water. However, the use of lead plumbing materials has made the metal available in drinking water in large amounts. The pipes leach the metal slowly into the water. Depending on the temperature, acidity and standing time on the water, large concentrations of lead may result from the plumbing with the low detectability of the metal making it prone to consumption (Who.int, 2014). The high cost of removing the old piping propagates this method of exposure. However, the contamination and therefore exposure to lead through water may be the result of secondary pollution of water by industrial effluents (National Research Council (U.S.), 2013). Exposure through foods results from the consumption of foods handled using lead based containers. Lead cans and ceramics provide chippings that are consumed with the food. The presence of lead in the body may be detected by studying blood cells using a microscope for changes or using X-rays with the metal appearing as dense

Guest speaker Presentation write-up topic related to international Essay

Guest speaker Presentation write-up topic related to international financial market - Essay Example When sole proprietors want to increases their source of capital, they can partner with other likeminded entrepreneurs to form what is referred to as partnership. A partnership can get capital from members’ contribution, and loan among many other sources. One advantage of this kind of business is that all members can have full control of the business, and partners can help each other to contribute more capital. Unlike sole proprietorship, the partners do not get 100 percent of the profits as it has to be shared among the partners. The return for individual partners is in the form of profits which are shared. A partnership can increase its capital by selling part of the ownership to the public. Consequently, the partnership becomes a limited company. In this kind of venture, the shareholders get returns in the form of dividends. They are also granted a right to vote, but they do not have direct control of the company, and they do not make day to day decisions. This role is assigned to directors, who are voted by the shareholders. One disadvantage of selling shares to the public is that the profits are reduced, as many shareholders have to be paid dividends. A company is liable to pay corporate tax, while the shareholders are taxed on their dividends. A company has several advantages, including continuity of ownership because the shares are transferable. The shareholders trust the management of the company to the directors through what is referred to as agency relationship. This structure comes with scores of problems, especially because some agents do not act in the interest of the shareholders. A company can expand its capital base by investing overseas (Spadaccini

Retail Market Scenario of Aluminium Foil Industry

Retail Market Scenario of Aluminium Foil Industry ABSTRACT This research is an attempt at understanding the Retail Market Scenario of Aluminium Foil Industry in Mumbai. It studies the distribution channel in the industry, factors that have led to the presence of strong brands like Freshwrappâ„ ¢ and the likes in the Kitchen Foil sector. It also includes a detailed study of the impact of Advertising Sales promotion on Direct Sale and Brand Awareness in the said product category. The main Objectives are to infer whether advertising/ Sales promotion helps Direct Sale and Brand Awareness, to make the awareness of the product to let the customers know, what our product is, its benefit and advantages. How our product is different from competitors product. The methodologies used in the project revolve primarily around primary and secondary data collection via published reports of competitors and via survey (exploratory research). The findings are that the brand awareness of the product has increased more than double within two months duration and now we should promote the specific quality of our product and increase the sales by converting the awareness of the product into sales. About The Company INTRODUTION Name of the Organization: Eggfirst BBN India Advertising Design Pvt. Ltd. Establishment Year-2004 Firm Type-Pvt. Ltd. Nature of Business- Advertising Designing Level to Expand-International Philosophy: At Eggfirst BBN India, we share similar sentiments. And to achieve that, we work that extra hard. We put in that extra effort. We stretch that extra mile. And it all directly translates into superlative work for you. We follow the old fashioned mantra your success is our glory. Values- Integrity Honesty in every action Commitment On the foundation of integrity, doing whatever it takes to deliver, as promised. Passion Missionary zeal arising out of an emotional engagement with work Seamlessness Thinking and working together across functional silos, hierarchy levels, businesses And geographies. Strategy Planning and Research It all starts with providing a strategic direction for clients objectives. Strategy Planning:Putting years of experience and expertise to use, they formulate a unique, insightful strategy to successfully achieve clients marketing objectives. Market Research:Eggfirst backs their experience and knowledge by intensive and incisive research. Thoroughly analyzing the market conditions, current trends, case studies, competition and opportunitiesall to arrive at a winning strategy. Creative Strategy and Execution Eggfirst thoughts are often limited by a straightjacket of habits, norms, conventions and presumptions. Add to that iron boots of the fear of failure. Theres need to break-away from the constraints of traditionalism and explore the unknown. Unbound even by infinity. Thats exactly what Eggfirst do. They use creativity to give clients their brand the uniqueness. SERVICES Brand Building and Corporate Identity:A distinct brand identity that stands out from the crowd in a meaningful way. Campaign:Integrated messaging across media. Print:Strategically aligned and creatively driven ads newspaper, magazine and other print media. AV/ Multimedia:TVCs as well as audio-visual representation (linear or non-linear) for corporate presentations, product presentations, launch presentations, demo presentations, etc. Radio:Innovative, meaningful and effective radio jingles to communicate your message. Outdoor:Traditional outdoor collateral like hoardings, banners and bus-panels as well as BTL collateral such as wall paintings and shop-signages. Events, Exhibitions and Promotions:Event, Exhibition and Promotion specific campaigns that include theme ideation, pre-invitation mailers, stall backdrop design, event collateral design, AV presentation, post-event mailers and gift ideas. Internal Communication:Campaign ideation and execution for internally spreading specific messages like Customer Sensitivity, Employee/ Customer Feedback, Training/ Induction, CSR, IT Awareness, Voice of Employee, Employee Motivation etc Sales and Marketing Collateral:Newsletters, brochures, presentations, white papers, case studies, data sheets, POP collateral, posters, etc. Web:Interactive website using various technology platforms, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Search Engine Marketing (SEM) to drive traffic, and online campaigns (banners, mailers, newsletters etc.) including pay-per-lead email campaign. Direct Marketing:Communicating on a one-on-one basis with clients target audience through direct mailers, SMS campaign, telemarketing and other traditional as well as innovative direct marketing tools. SWOT ANALYSIS- a) STENGTH- Satisfy all needs of their customers. Delivering on time Creative and innovative in advertisement segment Quality output They have global exposure as well, with higher rewards appreciation. Team working environment is very efficient. b) WEAKNESS- Relatively new player in an extremely competitive business sector Not active into ATL advertising yet c) OPPORTUNITIES Can enter the global markets to attract global customers. Clients coming with new products to get advertisement. d) THREAT- Established Players as Competitors from domestic and international market Customers preference and taste being changed every now and then Relatively naive in the ever-blooming Advertising industry. Eggfirst BBN India is the Indian arm of BBN International, based out of Mumbai, India. A full-service advertising agency, Eggfirst offers end-to-end creative solutions for various business challenges. They are passionate about creating and fostering brands. They have a simple purpose: Create brands that people will love remember and buy. Through a combination of research, strategy, creativity and technology, they help their clients discover the potential of their brand, and unleash it. Some successful Contract- Jab ghar ki raunak badhani ho, diwaron ko jab sajana ho†¦ Come to, Eggfirst BBN India. The India focused arm of BBN International, Eggfirst BBN India is a full service ad agency offering end-to-end creative solutions for energizing brands. Paani mein rehkar bhi yeh kam gale, dhero kapde dhoye aur zyaada chale! Thats what most clients look for in their ad agency and thats exactly what they will find at Eggfirst BBN India. Combining the agility speed of a Concorde and the performance reliability of a Boeing 747, Eggfirst will take your brand on an enriching journey of aah se ah-a tak. Zyaada de ujala, din-o-din chalne wala, Eggfirst has soaked in the Indian summer for years now. Working at the ground level with some of the leading brands in India, they have rolled delightfully in the muddy puddle of marketing advertising, only to realise daag achche hai. Dhero Kapde dhoye aur Zyaada chale. Thats Eggfirst. Coming to Eggfirst BBN India with a marketing problem is like going to a restaurant when youre really hungry. Theres everything you care for (End-to-end advertising solutions). It offers a seven course meal (Research, Branding strategy, Creative strategy, Creative rendition, Media planning, Media buying, Launch). With the flavouring of clients choice (Creative, direct, humorous, emotional). Every item on the platter gets Eggfirsts special attention right from the time of handpicking the raw materials till the time they lays it out for their clients. Its a wholesome experience. Not only will the delicious food leave the client satisfied and delighted, the quality of service will simply stun them. Media planning and buying The final frontier, connecting with clients target audience in the most effective way Each brand is unique. So how why should the medium be common? Long back, a farmer in England, who used to rent out his cows to companies, came up with a unique and an extremely effective marketing strategy. He sprayed company logos on the cows. This helped the companies get recognition and visibility; increasing their brand equity.. Media Planning:Planning a mix of media, a judicious blend of traditional and innovative, in a way that it helps clients break-through-the-clutter and reach out to their target audience effectively Media Buying:Capabilities to buy media that best suits the strategy. Moreover, ensuring that ‘non-availability is never an obstacle in clients path Windfall Translating a product into a brand; a successful brand its easier said than done. An exceptional brand success story is scripted with an exceptional culture. And thats precisely what clients will find at Eggfirst BBN India. And a lot more Globalization Integration of global expertise and network with incisive understanding of Indian conditions The sales and marketing harmony Driven by the understanding that sale is the ultimate aim and marketing the means. Adding value, subtracting expenses Focused on adding tangible value, reducing wastages If clients were a lanternEggfirst would be the oil. If clients were a pajama, Eggfirst would be the strings. Clients Oberoi Eureka Forbes Honeywell Johnson Johnson HDFC Bank Deutsche Bank Ten sports Star JP Morgan etc. Objective of the project: To infer whether Advertising/ Sales promotion helps Direct Sale and Brand Awareness. To make the awareness of the product. To let the customers know, what our product is, its benefit and advantages. How our product is different from competitors product. Methodology: The methodology followed in this project involved the following Phases: Ø Collection of Data Ø Type of the project Ø Analysis of Data Ø Conclusion Recommendation Data Collection- Data is collected by following methods- Qualitative Research: Primary Research Field Work. Secondary Research Online. Comparative/ Industry analysis Qualitative Research: Qualitative Research is about investigating the features of a market through in-depth research that explores the background and context for decision making. There are two main qualitative methods depth interviews and focus groups. However qualitative research can also include techniques such as usability testing, brainstorming sessions and vox pop surveys. Primary Research- Primary research involves gettingoriginal datadirectly about the product and market. Primary research data is data that did not exist before. It is designed to answer specific questions of interest to the business This is about filling up questionnaire, and the questionnaires were filled by Retailers as well as Consumers with two different sets of Questions. I have done research at following places. Western Suburbs: Kandivli 6.Santacruz Bandra 7. Jogeshwari Dadar 8. Malad Lower Parel 9. Andheri Powai 10. Goregaon South Bombay: Colaba Napean Sea Road Kemps Corner Central Suburbs: Kurla Chembur New Bombay: Farthest Vashi Sanpada Total Samples: 300 (min) Secondary Research- Secondary marketing research, or desk research,already exist in one form or another. It is relatively cheap, and can be conducted quite quickly .However, it tends to have been collected for reasons other than for the problem or objective at hand. So it may be untargeted, and difficult to use to make comparisons (e.g. financial data gather on Australian pensions will be different to data on Italian pensions). Comparative/ Industry analysis- Comparative or industry analysis is includes analysis with respect to another player in the same field. It gives real picture where product stands in the market. Type of the project- Market research project Analysis of Data This involves analysis of data collected by above methods. Conclusion Recommendation After completion of the entire analysis, interpretation recommendation were made on the basis of figures and diagrams. Limitations of the study: Inadequate information. Sample Size. Cannot disclose the product name as per companys guideline. Misleading answers that might affect our conclusion. Unwillingness of the Retailer to answer. Biases and prejudice due to Sales margins on the Retailers opinions. Market size of aluminium foil- Aluminium foil is widely used, the experts according to their characteristics of different applications, it is divided into more than 20 varieties. Different countries due to differences in levels of economic development, consumption structure of aluminium foil big gap there. Developed countries in Europe and the United States, aluminium foil packaging products for 70 percent of the total demand. In the Chinese market, aluminium is mainly used as industrial raw materials; manufacturing, packaging and aluminium foil only 30 percent of the total domestic demand. Into the 21st century, market competition and product homogeneity of trends, to stimulate the rapid development of the product packaging. 2002, the global packaging market size has more than 500 billion U.S. dollars The estimated markets for aluminium foil containers are as follows: Competitive Analysis of Alumunium foil: The above analysis shows that who the major players in aluminium industry. Hindalco holds the 1st position and Gul Foil is on 5th position. LITERATURE REVIEW What is Aluminum Foil- Aluminium foil is the thin metal leaf aluminium with a thickness of not more than 0.2 mm. However, most commonly used foils have thickness of 0.006 mm. It is used for various reasons like, packaging of food, packaging of pharmaceuticals product etc. Packaging today responds to consumers demands for choice and convenience as well as changed production and distribution conditions and systems. By safeguarding product quality, packaging allows products to be transported and distributed locally, regionally and even globally, thereby making valuable food resources available to a wider population. In modern households, people increasingly turn to the use of fully-prepared meals, canned and frozen foods, in a wide variety of portion sizes, to save time in cooking and preparing meals. Packaging makes this possible. Raw Materials Aluminum numbers among the most abundant elements: after oxygen and silicon, it is the most plentiful element found in the earths surface, making up over eight percent of the crust to a depth of ten miles and appearing in almost every common rock. However, aluminum does not occur in its pure, metallic form but rather as hydrated aluminum oxide (a mixture of water and alumina) combined with silica, iron oxide, and titania. The most significant aluminum ore is bauxite, named after the French town of Les Baux where it was discovered in 1821. Bauxite contains iron and hydrated aluminum oxide, with the latter representing its largest constituent material. At present, bauxite is plentiful enough so that only deposits with an aluminum oxide content of forty-five percent or more are mined to make aluminum. Concentrated deposits are found in both the northern and southern hemispheres, with most of the ore used in the United States coming from the West Indies, North America, and Australia. Since bauxite occurs so close to the earths surface, mining procedures are relatively simple. Explosives are used to open up large pits in bauxite beds, after which the top layers of dirt and rock are cleared away. The exposed ore is then removed with front end loaders, piled in trucks or railroad cars, and transported to processing plants. Bauxite is heavy (ge nerally, one ton of aluminum can be produced from four to six tons of the ore), so, to reduce the cost of transporting it, these plants are often situated as close as possible to the bauxite mines. The Manufacturing Process Extracting pure aluminum from bauxite entails two processes. First, the ore is refined to eliminate impurities such as iron oxide, silica, titania, and water. Then, the resultant aluminum oxide is smelted to produce pure aluminum. After that, the aluminum is rolled to produce foil. Refining—Bayer process The Bayer process used to refine bauxite comprises four steps: digestion, clarification, precipitation, and calcinations. During the digestion stage, the bauxite is ground and mixed with sodium hydroxide before being pumped into large, pressurized tanks. In these tanks, called digesters, the combination of sodium hydroxide, heat, and pressure breaks the ore down into a saturated solution of sodium aluminates and insoluble contaminants, which settle to the bottom. The next phase of the process, clarification, entails sending the solution and the contaminants through a set of tanks and presses. During this stage, cloth filters trap the contaminants, which are then disposed of. After being filtered once again, the remaining solution is transported to a cooling tower. In the next stage, precipitation, the aluminum oxide solution moves into a large silo, where, in an adaptation of the Deville method, the fluid is seeded with crystals of hydrated aluminum to promote the formation of aluminum particles. Calcinations, the final step in the Bayer refinement process. Smelting Smelting, which separates the aluminum-oxygen compound (alumina) produced by the Bayer process, is the next step in extracting pure, metallic aluminum from bauxite. Although the procedure currently used derives from the electrolytic method invented contemporaneously by Charles Hall and Paul-Louis-Toussaint Hà ©roult in the late nineteenth century, it has been modernized. First, the alumina is dissolved in a smelting cell, a deep steel mold lined with carbon and filled with a heated liquid conductor that consists mainly of the aluminum compound cryolite. Next, an electric current is run through the cryolite, causing a crust to form over the top of the alumina melt. When additional alumina is periodically stirred into the mixture, this crust is broken and stirred in as well. As the alumina dissolves, it electrolytically decomposes to produce a layer of pure, molten aluminum on the bottom of the smelting cell. The oxygen merges with the carbon used to line the cell and escapes in the form of carbon dioxide. Rolling foil After the foil stock is made, it must be reduced in thickness to make the foil. This is accomplished in a rolling mill, where the material is passed several times through metal rolls called work rolls. As the sheets (or webs) of aluminum pass through the rolls, they are squeezed thinner and extruded through the gap between the rolls. The work rolls are paired with heavier rolls called backup rolls, which apply pressure to help maintain the stability of the work rolls. This helps to hold the product dimensions within tolerances. The work and backup rolls rotate in opposite directions. Lubricants are added to facilitate the rolling process. During this rolling process, the aluminum occasionally must be annealed (heat-treated) to maintain its workability. As the foil sheets come through the rollers, they are trimmed and slitted with circular or razor-like knives installed on the roll mill. Trimming refers to the edges of the foil, while slitting involves cutting the foil into several sheets. These steps are used to produce narrow coiled widths, to trim the edges of coated or laminated stock, and to produce rectangular pieces. For certain fabricating and converting operations, webs that have been broken during rolling must be joined back together, or spliced. Common types of splices for joining webs of plain foil and/or backed foil include ultrasonic, heat-sealing tape, pressure-sealing tape, and electric welded. The ultrasonic splice uses a solid-state weld—made with an ultrasonic transducer—in the overlapped metal. Finishing processes For many applications, foil is used in I V / combination with other materials. It can be coated with a wide range of materials, such as polymers and resins, for decorative, protective, or heat-sealing purposes. It can be laminated to papers, paperboards, and plastic films. It can also be cut, formed into any shape, printed, embossed, slit into strips, sheeted, etched, and anodized. Once the foil is in its final state, it is packaged accordingly and shipped to the customer. Quality Control In addition to in-process control of such parameters as temperature and time, the finished foil product must meet certain requirements. For instance, different converting processes and end users have been found to require varying degrees of dryness on the foil surface for satisfactory performance. A wet ability test is used to determine the dryness. In this test, different solutions of ethyl alcohol in distilled water, in increments of ten percent by volume, are poured in a uniform stream onto the foil surface. If no drops form, the wet ability is zero. The process is continued until it is determined what minimum percent of alcohol solution will completely wet the foil surface. Other important properties are thickness and tensile strength. Standard test methods have been developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Thickness is determined by weighing a sample and measuring its area, and then dividing the weight by the product of the area times the alloy density. Tension testing of foil must be carefully controlled because test results can be affected by rough edges and the presence of small defects, as well as other variables. The sample is placed in a grip and a tensile or pulling force is applied until fracture of the sample occurs. The force or strength required to break the sample is measured. The Future of Aluminium Foil The popularity of aluminum foil, especially for flexible packaging, will continue to grow. Four-sided, fin-sealed pouches have gained wide popularity for military, medical, and retail food applications and, in larger sizes, for institutional food service packs. Pouches have also been introduced for packaging 1.06 to 4.75 gallons (4-18 litres) of wine for both retail and restaurant markets, and for other food service markets. In addition, other products continue to be developed for other applications. The increase in popularity of microwave ovens has resulted in the development of several forms of aluminum-based semi-rigid containers designed specifically for these ovens. More recently, special cooking foils for barbecuing have been developed. However, even aluminum foil is being scrutinized in regard to its environmental friendliness. Hence, manufacturers are increasing their efforts in the recycling area; in fact, all U.S. foil producers have begun recycling programs even though aluminum foils total tonnage and capture rate is much lower than that of the easy-to-recycle aluminum cans. Aluminum foil already has the advantage of being light and small, which helps reduce its contribution to the solid waste stream. In fact, laminated aluminum foil packaging represents just 17/lOOths of one percent of the U.S. solid waste. For packaging waste, the most promising solution may be source reduction. For instance, packaging 65 pounds (29.51 kilograms) of coffee in steel cans requires 20 pounds (9.08 kilograms) of steel but only three pounds (4.08 kilograms) of laminated packaging including aluminum foil. Such packaging also takes up less space in the landfill. The Aluminum Associations Foil Division is even developing an educational program on aluminum foil for universities and professional packaging designers in order to help inform such designers of the benefits of switching to flexible packaging. Aluminum foil also uses less energy during both manufacturing and distribution, with in-plant scrap being recycled. In fact, recycled aluminum, including cans and foil, accounts for over 30 percent of the industrys yearly supply of metal. This number has been increasing for several years and is expected to continue. In addition, processes used during foil manufacturing are being improved to reduce air pollution and hazardous waste. Few Brands prevailing in the market. FRESHWRAPP SUPERWRAP HOMEFOIL NUTRIWRAP JACKSON FRESHWRAPP: Hindalco is Asias largest integrated primary producer of aluminium and among the most cost-efficient producers globally. Its house foil brands include Superwrap, Freshwrapp and Freshpakk semi-rigid containers, which are convenient and popular with consumers. Delivering never-before-tried solutions to customers in India and across the globe, Hindalco has the distinction of being Indias premier supplier of foil and foil laminates — plain lacquered and printed Hindalcos best quality of Food Wrapping Foil that are basically used for wrapping food items such as chapatti, sandwiches and others. The product are available in different types of specification, they are made and developed from high quality materials. These products are available in different types specification. 11 micron X 300 mm 72 mtrs , 18 mtrs , 9 mtrs , 120 grams , 50 grams SUPERWRAP: Store About this product: Superwrap Aluminium Foil by Hindalco 72metre Keeps the food fresh and hygienic wherever you take.with this new Superwrap Pure Aluminium Foil by Hindalco. Mfg. by HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD. (foil division) HOMEFOIL: Hygienically safe for wrapping, storing, covering, sealing, baking and grilling of food products. Keeps food warm and fresh, with aroma and taste intact. Unique rust proof cutter for easy dispensing. Homefoil Jumbo Blue 75m x 300mm Code :A14HJB Homefoil Jumbo Yellow 35m x 300m, 500 gm Wt. Extra thick Code :A12JY Homefoil Jumbo Red 99m x 300mm Code :A8HJR NUTRIWRAP- Nutriwrap is aluminium foil which is mainly used for food packaging. It is an 11 micron aluminium foil which can be used for sweet boxes and Tiffin packaging. Ø 11 micron being used against market standard of 9 micron Ø matching international standards Ø embossed foil being launched for the first time in india Ø better strength more value for money Ø edge over competitors Products: Ø 9 meters pack (economy, standard, premium ) for house hold use. Ø special economy size of 225mm width introduced for sweet boxes . Ø 18 meters institutional pack . Ø 72 meter jumbo pack for bulk users (hotels, mass catering) Ø pull-up sheets for roti-wrap, sandwich-wrap, fast food / snacks restaurant. Why Aluminium Foil Freezer-to-oven convenience The only packaging that can withstand extreme temperature changes, aluminum can go from the freezer to the oven to the table saving time during food preparation. Microwaveability Its true aluminiumfoil containers can be used in microwave ovens!In fact, foods heat more thoroughly in aluminium than in plastic and retain more of their original texture and flavor. Transportability Aluminium containers are leak-resistant, sturdy, stackable, and keep foods fresher than plastic or Styrofoam containers. Easy clean up Choose easy clean-up or no clean-up. After cooking, save your aluminum containers and recycle them. Tri-oven ability Not only can aluminium containers be used in a microwave oven, they also stand up to conventional ovens and toaster ovens without melting, charring, or compromising the foods original flavour. These attractive properties of rolled aluminium used in packaging can be summarised (1) Durability and Strength Aluminium foil is commonly produced in the 1000 series alloys, alloyed only with iron and silicon. These alloys work harden when subject to cold deformation. The thickness (gauge), alloy and temper can be chosen so that the exact properties required can be achieved. Stamped foil containers therefore retain their shape and rigidity. (2) Lightness The low density and thinner sections of aluminium compared with some competing packaging materials means a reduced weight, saving energy in transport. (3) Thermal Conductivity Aluminium is an excellent conductor of heat and therefore the chilling and heating of the contents of aluminium packaging can take place quickly, with minimal thermal gradients. (4) Heat Resistance Aluminium packaging resists a very wide range of temperature, from the very cold to the very hot. There is no risk of cracking, melting or burning. Aluminium packaging products can be stored in the coldest deep freeze and heated in the hottest oven. (5) Barrier Properties Aluminium foil acts as a total barrier to light, gases and liquids and can extend the useful life of foodstuffs for long periods of time, measured in years. (6) Food and Drink Compatibility The vast majority of foods and drinks have no adverse effects on uncoated aluminium, so there is no contamination. With very acid or alkali ingredients a wide range of food-contact coatings are available affording full protection to the contents of the foil packaging or the can. (7) Decorative Potential Aluminium foil and can stock is compatible with all printing processes so that the contents of the foil or the can be attractively

Japanese tea room :: essays papers

Japanese tea room Japan is a small country, however most people know this country. One of the reason is that the manufacturing industry is world-famous. Especially, cars and appliances which are small, functional and also economical. And these products show exactly Japanese spirit which can say Japanese culture. When we discuss about Japan, we can't forget considering traditional Japanese culture. I will discus about the tea ceremony (cha-no-yu), which one of the most important Japanese culture. The tea ceremony began to reach maturity in the early Muromachi period when the shogun and select menders of his aesthetic circle met to admire choice Chinese tea wares and game at guessing the provenance of various types of tea. But its transformation into a true art form with spiritual dimensions is due to the influence of three men. The fist was Murata Juko, a student of Zen and curator of Chinese art for shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa. He and Yoshimasa would meet at the latter 's silver Pavilion and drink tea in Chinese utensils in the Dojinsai room of the Togudo. Tea, and especially the collectiing of utensils, was also popular among the wealthy merchants of Sakai City (Osaka). One of these merchants, Takeno Joo, took his interest in tea far beyond acquisition into the influence of Juko 's thought, did much to develop the wabi ideal of refined rusticity that became one of the central elements of tea taste. Wabi tea reached its mature expression under the third of these great tea masters, Sen no Rikyu. There is a story of Rikyu, which well illustrates the ideas of cleanliness entertained by the tea-masters. Rikyu was watching his son Sho-an as he swept and watered the garden path. "Not clean enough," said Rikyu, when Sho-an had finished his task, and bade him try again. After a weary hour the son turned to Rikyu: "Father, there is nothing more to be done. The steps have been washed for the third time, the stone lanterns and the trees are well sprinkled with water, moss and lichens are shining with a fresh verdure; not a twig, not a leaf have I left on the ground." "Young fool," chided the tea master, " that is not the way a garden path should be swept." Saying this, Rikyu stepped into the garden, shook a tree and scattered over the garden gold and crimson leaves, scraps of the brocade of autumn! What Rikyu demanded was not cleanliness alone, but the beautiful and the natural also.